HTML
HyperText Markup Language: Es un lenguaje de programación basado en otro llamado XML, estos dos lenguajes tienen la característica especial de que son programados por medio de etiquetas de apertura y de cierre, creando bloques bien estructurados y ordenados.
En XML las etiquetas no están totalmente definidas, ya que cada programador puede crear etiquetas a discreción, no obstante en HTML, las etiquetas están definidas, esto es ya que debe de mantenerse una estructura estándar para que los navegadores web como Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome, Opera, etc. puedan abrirlos y presentar el mismo contenido y la misma estructura visual a los visitantes del sitio web.
Hay una diversidad y variedad de etiquetas dentro de HTML, lo cual nos permite construir casi cualquier cosa y para comenzar a entrar en el mundo de la programación de tecnologías web, primero programemos la estructura básica de todo sitio web.
<html>
<head>
<title>El titulo de mi sitio web</title>
</head>
<body>
El contenido de mi sitio web.
</body>
</html>
Esta es la estructura más básica y común que todo sitio web posee, si observamos, es obvio que posee dos grandes bloques:
- La cabecera (<head> </head>)
- El cuerpo (<body> </body>)
HTML actualmente se encuentra en su 5º versión de desarrollo, y gracias al trabajo de muchos, contamos con una gran diversidad de etiquetas para construir nuestro sitio web.
Tag | Description |
<!--...--> | Defines a comment |
<!DOCTYPE> | Defines the document type |
<a> | Defines a hyperlink |
<abbr> | Defines an abbreviation |
<acronym> | Not supported in HTML5. Defines an acronym |
<address> | Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document |
<applet> | Not supported in HTML5. Deprecated in HTML 4.01. Defines an embedded applet |
<area> | Defines an area inside an image-map |
<article> |
Defines an article |
<aside> |
Defines content aside from the page content |
<audio> |
Defines sound content |
<b> | Defines bold text |
<base> | Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document |
<basefont> | Not supported in HTML5. Deprecated in HTML 4.01. Specifies a default color, size, and font for all text in a document |
<bdi> |
Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text outside it |
<bdo> | Overrides the current text direction |
<big> | Not supported in HTML5. Defines big text |
<blockquote> | Defines a section that is quoted from another source |
<body> | Defines the document's body |
<br> | Defines a single line break |
<button> | Defines a clickable button |
<canvas> |
Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript) |
<caption> | Defines a table caption |
<center> | Not supported in HTML5. Deprecated in HTML 4.01. Defines centered text |
<cite> | Defines the title of a work |
<code> | Defines a piece of computer code |
<col> | Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element |
<colgroup> | Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting |
<command> |
Defines a command button that a user can invoke |
<datalist> |
Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls |
<dd> | Defines a description/value of a term in a description list |
<del> | Defines text that has been deleted from a document |
<details> |
Defines additional details that the user can view or hide |
<dfn> | Defines a definition term |
<dialog> |
Defines a dialog box or window |
<dir> | Not supported in HTML5. Deprecated in HTML 4.01. Defines a directory list |
<div> | Defines a section in a document |
<dl> | Defines a description list |
<dt> | Defines a term/name in a description list |
<em> | Defines emphasized text |
<embed> |
Defines a container for an external (non-HTML) application |
<fieldset> | Groups related elements in a form |
<figcaption> |
Defines a caption for a <figure> element |
<figure> |
Specifies self-contained content |
<font> | Not supported in HTML5. Deprecated in HTML 4.01. Defines font, color, and size for text |
<footer> |
Defines a footer for a document or section |
<form> | Defines an HTML form for user input |
<frame> | Not supported in HTML5. Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset |
<frameset> | Not supported in HTML5. Defines a set of frames |
<h1> to <h6> | Defines HTML headings |
<head> | Defines information about the document |
<header> |
Defines a header for a document or section |
<hr> | Defines a thematic change in the content |
<html> | Defines the root of an HTML document |
<i> | Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood |
<iframe> | Defines an inline frame |
<img> | Defines an image |
<input> | Defines an input control |
<ins> | Defines a text that has been inserted into a document |
<kbd> | Defines keyboard input |
<keygen> |
Defines a key-pair generator field (for forms) |
<label> | Defines a label for an <input> element |
<legend> | Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element |
<li> | Defines a list item |
<link> | Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource (most used to link to style sheets) |
<map> | Defines a client-side image-map |
<mark> |
Defines marked/highlighted text |
<menu> | Defines a list/menu of commands |
<meta> | Defines metadata about an HTML document |
<meter> |
Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge) |
<nav> |
Defines navigation links |
<noframes> | Not supported in HTML5. Defines an alternate content for users that do not support frames |
<noscript> | Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts |
<object> | Defines an embedded object |
<ol> | Defines an ordered list |
<optgroup> | Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list |
<option> | Defines an option in a drop-down list |
<output> |
Defines the result of a calculation |
<p> | Defines a paragraph |
<param> | Defines a parameter for an object |
<pre> | Defines preformatted text |
<progress> |
Represents the progress of a task |
<q> | Defines a short quotation |
<rp> |
Defines what to show in browsers that do not support ruby annotations |
<rt> |
Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian typography) |
<ruby> |
Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography) |
<s> | Defines text that is no longer correct |
<samp> | Defines sample output from a computer program |
<script> | Defines a client-side script |
<section> |
Defines a section in a document |
<select> | Defines a drop-down list |
<small> | Defines smaller text |
<source> |
Defines multiple media resources for media elements (<video> and <audio>) |
<span> | Defines a section in a document |
<strike> | Not supported in HTML5. Deprecated in HTML 4.01. Defines strikethrough text |
<strong> | Defines important text |
<style> | Defines style information for a document |
<sub> | Defines subscripted text |
<summary> |
Defines a visible heading for a <details> element |
<sup> | Defines superscripted text |
<table> | Defines a table |
<tbody> | Groups the body content in a table |
<td> | Defines a cell in a table |
<textarea> | Defines a multiline input control (text area) |
<tfoot> | Groups the footer content in a table |
<th> | Defines a header cell in a table |
<thead> | Groups the header content in a table |
<time> |
Defines a date/time |
<title> | Defines a title for the document |
<tr> | Defines a row in a table |
<track> |
Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and <audio>) |
<tt> | Not supported in HTML5. Defines teletype text |
<u> | Defines text that should be stylistically different from normal text |
<ul> | Defines an unordered list |
<var> | Defines a variable |
<video> |
Defines a video or movie |
<wbr> |
Defines a possible line-break |
HTML es muy sencillo de programar, su lógica es:
"Toda etiqueta que se abre, debe de cerrarse, a excepción de aquellas que no están destinadas a contener bloques internos, se deben de cerrar en ellas mismas..."
Veamos un ejemplo:
<html>
<body>
<h1>Encabezado</h1>
<br/> <!--Este es un salto de linea-->
<p>Bloque de texto.</p>
</body>
</html>
Como podemos ver, toda etiqueta que se abre, posee un bloque internamente y luego se cierra, a excepción de la etiqueta <br/>, esta etiqueta su fin no es contener bloques internamente, sino solo proveer un salto de línea, y es por eso que en ella misma se cierra.